AIP591 Vnet中继器用光收发单元 光纤通信系统的核心器件

AIP591

With the rapid development of optical communication, many scenes in our work and life have realized “light forward copper backward”. In other words, the metal media communication represented by coaxial cable and network cable is gradually replaced by optical fiber media.

Optical module is one of the core components of optical fiber communication system.

The structure of an optical module

Optical Module, also known as Optical Module. Optical means visual, visual, or optical.

Accurately speaking, optical module is a general term for a variety of modules, including: optical receiving module, optical transmitting module, optical transceiver integrated module and optical forwarding module.

Nowadays, we usually refer to the optical module, generally refers to the optical transceiver integrated module (the following is also the case).

Optical modules work at the physical layer, the lowest level of the OSI model. Its function is very simple, is to convert electricity to light. Turn an optical signal into an electrical signal, turn an electrical signal into an optical signal, like that.

While seemingly simple, the implementation is not low-tech.

An optical module usually consists of an optical emitting device (TOSA, including a laser), an optical receiving device (ROSA, including an optical detector), a functional circuit and an optical (electrical) interface.

At the transmitter, the driver chip processes the original electrical signal and then drives a semiconductor laser (LD) or light-emitting diode (LED) to emit a modulated optical signal.

At the receiving end, after the optical signal comes in, the optical detection diode is converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is output after the preamplifier.

Encapsulation of optical modules

For starters, the most frustrating thing about optical modules is their complex package names and bewildering parameters.

Encapsulation, which can be simply understood as a type standard. It is the main way to distinguish optical modules.

The reason why there are so many different packaging standards for optical modules is mainly because the development speed of optical fiber communication technology is too fast.

Optical modules are getting faster and smaller, so much so that every few years, new packaging standards are introduced. Compatibility between old and new packaging standards is also often difficult.

In addition, the diversity of application scenarios of optical modules is also a reason for the increasing number of packaging standards. According to the transmission distance, bandwidth requirements, and application sites, the types of optical fibers and optical modules are different.