CC-SCMB02 C300内存备份组件 执行一个程序，一组指令

产品细节：CC-SCMB02 C300内存备份组件 执行一个程序，一组指令

• 制造商:霍尼韦尔
• 产品编号:CC-SCMB02
• 产品型号:C300内存备份组件
• 运输重量:2公斤

冯·诺伊曼定义了计算机的基本结构:中央处理器(CPU)、内存和输入/输出设备(IO)。数据和程序都存储在内存中，内存中的内容是按位置寻址的。

计算机系统的主要功能是执行一个程序，一组指令。CPU负责执行指令并与内存交换数据。这些指令被翻译成机器语言并执行，处理已经装入计算机存储器中的数据。输入设备用于将数据输入到存储器中。数据处理后，结果要么存储在内存中供进一步参考，要么通过输出设备发送给外部世界。

程序并不总是按顺序执行;它可能会跳到其他地方。类似地，数据操作可能要求以预定的顺序一次访问多个单元。因此，必须有一个可以临时存储指令和数据的地方。这个模块被称为内部存储器或主存储器，区别于外部存储器或外部设备。

指令的处理过程称为指令周期，指令周期分为取指令周期和执行指令周期。在每个指令周期的开始，处理器从内存中取出指令，并将指令放入指令寄存器(IR)。处理器解码指令并执行所需的操作:1)处理器与内存之间的数据传输;2)处理器与输入/输出设备之间的数据传输;3)对数据进行算术或逻辑运算;4)改变指令执行顺序。

计算机的三个基本模块:CPU、内存和输入输出(I/O)通过互连结构集成在一起。内存通常由N个长度相等的单元组成，每个单元分配一个唯一的数字地址(0,1…， N-1)，这个单元可以从内存中读取或写入。操作的性质由读写控制信号指示，操作的位置由地址指定。I/O与内存类似，它同时具有读和写操作。此外，一个I/O模块可以控制多个外设，也可以向处理器发送中断信号。处理器读取指令和数据，并在处理后将数据写出来。处理器利用控制信号来控制整个系统的运行，也可以接收中断信号。

CC-SCMB02

Von Neumann defined the basic structure of a computer: the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output devices (IO). Both data and programs are stored in memory, and the contents in memory are addressed by location.

The main function of a computer system is to execute a program, a set of instructions. The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and exchanging data with memory. These instructions are translated into machine language and executed to process data already loaded into the computer’s memory. Input devices are used to enter data into memory. After the data is processed, the results are either stored in memory for further reference or sent to the outside world via an output device.

Programs don’t always execute sequentially; It might jump somewhere else. Similarly, data operations may require multiple cells to be accessed at once in a predetermined order. Therefore, there must be a place where instructions and data can be stored temporarily. This module is called internal storage or main storage, as distinct from external storage or external devices.

Instruction processing process is called instruction cycle, instruction cycle is divided into fetching instruction cycle and executing instruction cycle. At the beginning of each instruction cycle, the processor takes instructions out of memory and puts them into an instruction register (IR). The processor decodes the instructions and performs the required operations :1) Data transfer between the processor and memory; 2) Data transmission between processor and input/output device; 3) Perform arithmetic or logical operations on the data; 4) Change the order of instruction execution.

The three basic modules of a computer :CPU, memory, and input/output (I/O) are integrated through an interconnect structure. Memory usually consists of N units of equal length, each assigned a unique numeric address (0,1… , N-1), which can be read or written from memory. The nature of the operation is indicated by the read/write control signal, and the location of the operation is specified by the address. I/O is similar to memory in that it has both read and write operations. In addition, a single I/O module can control multiple peripherals and can also send interrupt signals to the processor. The processor reads instructions and data and writes the data after processing. The processor uses the control signal to control the operation of the whole system, and can also receive the interrupt signal.

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