CP451-10 YOKOGAWA 处理器模块 用于计数器的函数的组合逻辑

产品细节：CP451-10 YOKOGAWA 处理器模块 用于计数器的函数的组合逻辑

要实现一个数字系统，你需要三个主要组成部分[1]:
(1)计算作用于计数器的函数的组合逻辑(ALU);
(2)存储位的存储单元(寄存器);
(3)控制内存元素更新的时钟信号。
CPU的基本任务是执行指令，对计算机来说，这些指令最终是一串0和1。CPU在逻辑上可以分为控制单元、计算单元和存储单元三个模块，三个模块之间通过CPU内部总线连接。如下:
控制单元
控制单元是整个CPU的命令控制中心，由指令寄存器IR(Instruction Register)、指令解码器ID(Instruction Decoder)、操作控制器OC(Operation Controller)等组成。保持整个电脑的正常运行是很重要的。它根据用户预先编好的程序，依次从存储器中取出每条指令，放入指令寄存器IR中，通过指令解码(分析)确定需要执行什么操作，然后通过操作控制器OC，按照确定的时间顺序，向相应的部件发出微操作控制信号。操作控制器OC主要包括节拍脉冲发生器、控制矩阵、时钟脉冲发生器、复位电路和断电电路控制逻辑。
运算器
是计算机的核心。您可以执行算术运算(包括基本运算，如加减乘数及其附加运算)和逻辑运算(包括移位、逻辑测试或两个值的比较)。相对于控制单元来说，计算机接受控制单元的命令并执行动作，即算术单元所执行的一切操作都是由控制单元发出的控制信号来指挥的，因此它是执行部件。
存储单元
这些包括芯片内缓存和寄存器库，它们是CPU中等待处理或已经处理的数据的临时存储。CPU访问寄存器的时间比访问内存的时间要少。寄存器的使用可以减少CPU访问内存的次数，从而提高CPU的工作速度。然而，由于芯片面积和集成度的限制，寄存器库的容量不能很大。寄存器组可分为特殊寄存器和一般寄存器。专用寄存器的功能是固定的，分别存放相应的数据。另一方面，通用寄存器是通用的，可以由程序员指定。通用寄存器的数量因微处理器而异[2]。

CP451-10

To implement a number system you need three main components [1] :
(1) Calculate the combinatorial logic (ALU) of the function that operates on the counterbit;
(2) Memory elements (registers) that store bits;
(3) Clock signal that controls the update of memory elements.
The fundamental task of a CPU is to execute instructions, which to a computer end up being a sequence of zeros and ones. The CPU can be logically divided into three modules, namely, the control unit, the computing unit, and the storage unit, which are connected by the internal bus of the CPU. As follows:
Control unit
The control unit is the command and control center of the whole CPU, consisting of Instruction Register IR(Instruction Register), instruction Decoder ID(Instruction Decoder), Operation Controller OC(Operation Controller), etc. It is very important to keep the whole computer in order. According to the user’s preprogrammed program, it takes out each instruction from the memory in turn, puts it in the instruction register IR, determines what operation should be carried out through instruction decoding (analysis), and then sends out the microoperation control signal to the corresponding component through the operation controller OC, according to the determined time sequence. Operation controller OC mainly includes beat pulse generator, control matrix, clock pulse generator, reset circuit and power off circuit control logic.
Arithmetic unit
Is the core of the computer. You can perform arithmetic operations (including basic operations such as addition and subtraction multipliers and their additional operations) and logical operations (including shifts, logical tests, or comparisons of two values). Relative to the control unit, the computer accepts the command of the control unit and carries out the action, that is, all the operations carried out by the arithmetic unit are commanded by the control signal issued by the control unit, so it is the executive component.
Storage unit
These include in-chip caches and register banks, which are temporary stores of data in the CPU that are waiting to be processed or that have already been processed. The CPU spends less time accessing registers than it does accessing memory. The use of registers can reduce the number of times the CPU accesses the memory, thus improving the CPU working speed. However, due to the limited chip area and integration degree, the capacity of the register bank cannot be very large. Register groups can be divided into special registers and general registers. The function of special registers is fixed, respectively storing the corresponding data. General purpose registers, on the other hand, are versatile and can be specified by the programmer. The number of general purpose registers varies from microprocessor to microprocessor [2].

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